3nd Step

I should do the following things as soon as possible:

1. Add the user-interface*

2. Several particle streams towards different directions when meeting the vessel branches.

3. Control the suitable injection direction so that it will not be stucked from the beginning till end.

Now I have initial model about 4 particles lines, and with two small size, two large size, and which initial position is relative to the axis direction's vertial axis, and arranged orderly. The effect is not bad, but is not that satisfied. I use four colours to show the result.

The next step:

1. the fluid will not back, so control the angle!!!!

2. the speed!!!!

I have achieve the basic idea of FLTK....

Now testing...

The next step is to model the particles in a specific situation!!!!!!!!!

No mass spring????????? is that OK?

2nd Step

Modify the codes to achieve the cather's Axis, and the particles can be injected by that direction. The particles injected as that cather's axis' direction, and then, those particles will run as normal.
The number is 100, and the colours are fading....

New Progress. I have achieve the injection simulation from the moving catheter!!!!

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These days, I also read and download about 200 papers of Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality. Edited by Prof. Guang-Zhong Yang.

[1] Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality
4th International Workshop Tokyo, Japan, August 1-2, 2008, Proceedings[1]

[2] Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality
Third International Workshop, Shanghai, China, August 17-18, 2006, Proceedings[2]

[3] Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality
Second International Workshop, MIAR 2004, Beijing, China, August 19-20, 2004. Proceedings[3]

[4] Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality
First International Workshop, MIAR 2001, Hong Kong, China, June 10-12, 2001. Proceedings. IEEE Computer Society 2001[4]

[5] The Basics of MRI.

[6] Mathematics and Physics of Emerging Biomedical Imaging.

[7] Fundations of Medical Imaging.

MENTICE

Improving patient safety.











Mentice is a leading provider of medical simulation systems, in the areas of endovascular intervention and minimally invasive surgery [1].

Blood flow and Contrast Agent Propagation

Introduction (15 May - 18 Sep, 2009):

St.Mary's Hosptial, London, UK

This project is my postgraduate individual graduation project, which is part of the research and development of a vascular interventional radiology simulator, supervised under Dr. Fernando Bello and Dr. Vincent Luboz. This project of the CRAIVE consortium is funded by EPSRC. The aim of this project is to develop and validate a computer generated virtual environment (VE) with variable virtual anatomy, in which the appearance, 'feel' and human factors of invasive radiological procedures (interventiaonal radiology, IR) in patients can be reproduced and assessed. The final simulator will encompass needle puncture as well as guidewire and catheter intertion and manipulation [1]. See a Catheterization example.

My job is to simulate the contrast agent propagation injected by a virtual catheter through complex virtual vasculature, as well as be affected and interacted with different styles of blood flow. The created module can be integrated into the existing interventional radiology simulator to improve its diagnosis and navigation steps, as well as enhances the vitual medical environment. The main method is smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, and the development tools covers VTK, FLTK and the language C++, under the environment Visual Studio 2005.

The final effect I'm trying to achieve can be seen in the Video.1.

Video 1. Injection contrast agent by catheter through Carotid


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On 19 May 2009, I attend the
Cross faculty workshop in robotics supported by The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London.
Cochair: Professor Lord Darzi and Professor Guang-Zhong Yang















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Last weeks' achievement (27 May, 2009 - 3 Jun, 2009)

>> Create the initial effect of contrast agent propagation by particle-based rendering.
>> Add user interface of Fluid.
>> Read three articles:

[1]. Vincent Luboz, James Lai, Rafal Blazewski, Derek Gould, Fernando Bello. A Virtual Environment for Core Skills Training in Vascular Interventional Radiology. ISBMS 2008, LNCS 5104, pp. 215–220, 2008. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008. Full text(Pdf)

[2]. Vincent Luboz, Rafal Blazewski, Derek Gould , Fernando Bello. Real-time guidewire simulation in complex vascular models. Vis Comput. DOI 10.1007/s00371-009-0312-x.© Springer-Verlag 2009. Full text(Pdf)

[3]. Ken-ichi Tsubota, Shigeo Wada, Takami Yamaguchi. Particle method for computer simulation of red blood cell motion in blood flow. computer methods and programs in biomedicine 8 3 ( 2 0 0 6 ) 139–146. Full text(Pdf)

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This weeks' arrangements(3 Jun, 2009 - 10 Jun, 2009)

Basic:
>> Simulation the process of particles injected from the moving tips of the virtual catheter.
>> User-interface of poped window for identifying the number of particles needed.
>> Effect of a more reasonable linking of the particles.

Further:
>> Add differnt size of particles, achieve the effect of the contrast agent will propagated through different cross size of the vessels, as well as fluid to the different number of vessels.

Reading:
>> Bart Adams, Mark Pauly, Richard Keiser, Leonidas J. Guibas. Adapatively Sampled Particle Fluid. ACM SIGGRAPH 2007. Full text(Pdf)